Hydronephrosis is a condition that affects the kidneys and urinary system, potentially leading to serious complications if left untreated. At Durham Nephrology, we believe that educating our patients about kidney health is crucial. In this post, we’ll explore hydronephrosis, its causes, symptoms, and how it’s diagnosed.
What is Hydronephrosis?
Hydronephrosis occurs when urine builds up in one or both kidneys, causing them to swell. This swelling happens when urine can’t drain properly from the kidney to the bladder, often due to a blockage or obstruction in the urinary tract.
Causes of Hydronephrosis
Several factors can lead to hydronephrosis:
1. Kidney stones: These can block the flow of urine as they pass through the urinary tract.
2. Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction: A congenital condition where the connection between the kidney and ureter is narrowed.
3. Tumors: Growths in the kidney, bladder, or elsewhere in the urinary tract can obstruct urine flow.
4. Enlarged prostate: In men, an enlarged prostate can compress the urethra, impeding urine drainage.
5. Pregnancy: The growing uterus can sometimes put pressure on the ureters, especially in the third trimester.
6. Scarring or inflammation: These can narrow the ureters, making it difficult for urine to pass.
Symptoms of Hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis doesn’t always cause noticeable symptoms, especially in its early stages. However, when symptoms do occur, they may include:
- Flank pain: A dull ache or sharp pain in the side or back
- Abdominal pain: Discomfort in the lower abdomen or groin area
- Urinary changes: Increased urgency, frequency, or difficulty urinating
- Nausea and vomiting: Especially when accompanied by pain
- Fever: If a urinary tract infection develops due to the obstruction
It’s important to note that these symptoms can also indicate other kidney or urinary tract issues, so proper diagnosis is crucial.
Diagnosis of Hydronephrosis
If hydronephrosis is suspected, your doctor may use several methods to confirm the diagnosis:
1. Physical examination: Your doctor will check for swelling or tenderness in your abdomen or back.
2. Ultrasound: This non-invasive imaging test can show kidney swelling and potential obstructions.
3. CT scan: Provides detailed images of your kidneys and urinary tract, helping to identify the cause of hydronephrosis.
4. MRI: Offers high-resolution images without radiation exposure.
5. Intravenous pyelogram (IVP): A special X-ray that uses contrast dye to highlight the urinary system and show how well it’s functioning.
6. Blood and urine tests: These can check kidney function and look for signs of infection.
Hydronephrosis is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention. If you experience symptoms like persistent flank pain, changes in urination, or fever, it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional. At Durham Nephrology, we’re committed to providing expert care and guidance for all kidney-related conditions, including hydronephrosis. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and protect your kidney health.
Remember, this information is for educational purposes only. Always consult with your healthcare provider for personalized medical advice.
